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DTSTAMP:20260323T181726Z
LOCATION:Rhinelander Gallery
DTSTART;TZID=America/New_York:20260323T164500
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UID:HFESHCS_2026 International Symposium on Human Factors and Ergonomics i
 n Health Care_sess106_POST215@linklings.com
SUMMARY:Using Eye-Tracking Technology to Study IV Smart Pump Safety and Us
 ability
DESCRIPTION:Intisar Becic and Shannon Roberts (University of Massachusetts
  Amherst)\n\nIntravenous smart pumps (IVSPs) are critical technologies for
  the safe delivery of medications in acute and critical care. Despite thei
 r widespread adoption, persistent concerns remain related to poor usabilit
 y, inconsistent flow rate accuracy, and alarm burden. Nurses—the primary e
 nd-users—must navigate non-intuitive interfaces, complex programming steps
 , and frequent nuisance alarms, all of which increase cognitive workload, 
 prolong task time, and elevate the risk of error. These challenges comprom
 ise both patient safety and clinical efficiency.\n\nApplication of Eye-Tra
 cking in IVSP Research\n\nEye-tracking technology provides a unique, real-
 time window into the cognitive processes and attentional demands of nurses
  as they program and operate IVSPs. By capturing eye movements, fixations,
  and scan paths, researchers can objectively measure:\n•	Cognitive workloa
 d and error risk: Linking gaze patterns with NASA-TLX workload scores iden
 tifies points of confusion and error-prone steps.\n•	Interface usability: 
 Heatmaps and fixation data reveal where users struggle with complex naviga
 tion, hidden menus, or ambiguous labeling.\n•	Workflow disruption: Eye-tra
 cking during alarm scenarios illustrates how attention is diverted, increa
 sing task switching and risk of oversight.\n\nThis method complements trad
 itional usability assessments by providing quantifiable, visual evidence o
 f design-related burdens that nurses experience in real time.\n\nDescripti
 on of the Study\n\nThis was designed to measure and compare the usability 
 of four large-volume IVSPs:\n1.	Baxter/Sigma linear peristaltic\n2.	BD/Ala
 ris linear peristaltic\n3.	ICU Medical DUO (cassette)\n4.	Ivenix Infusion 
 System (cassette)\n\nSpecific Aims\n•	Aim 1: Measure and compare usability
  across the four IVSPs using eye-tracking metrics.\n•	Aim 2: Assess percei
 ved cognitive workload with the NASA-TLX.\n•	Aim 3: Evaluate programming u
 sability using the Healthcare Systems Usability Scale (HSUS).\n•	Aim 4: Me
 asure physiologic workload via heart rate variability (HRV) and respirator
 y rate (RR).\n\nThis approach allowed the research team to triangulate obj
 ective measures (eye-tracking, HRV/RR) with subjective usability ratings (
 NASA-TLX, HSUS)\n\nMethods\n\n•	Participants: 43 practicing critical care 
 nurses were recruited at the AACN National Teaching Institute (NTI) 2025.\
 n•	Design: Observational, non-interventional usability testing in a simula
 ted environment.\n•	Tasks: Nurses completed 3 common programming tasks (sa
 line infusion, secondary antibiotic, insulin titration) on each pump, with
  IVSP order randomized to reduce bias.\n•	Instruments: Tobii Pro 3 Eye-Tra
 cking Glasses, NASA-TLX, HSUS, and Fitbit Inspire 3 (for heart rate variab
 ility and respiratory rate).\n•	Data Collection: Gaze patterns, workload r
 atings, usability scores, and physiological measures recorded for each dev
 ice.\n\nInnovation\n\nAlthough eye-tracking has been used in other healthc
 are applications, this study represents a novel use of eye-tracking to stu
 dy the usability of IVSP with experienced critical care nurses.  The use o
 f eye-tracking to study IVSPs will provide novel, objective insight into t
 he human-device interaction for nurses delivering life-critical fluid and 
 medications in acute and critical care settings.  \n\nResults\n\nPrelimina
 ry analysis identifies areas of interest (AOIs) and examines gaze paths an
 d fixation durations while nurses program the IVSPs. Particular attention 
 is paid to differences across the pumps and across the programming tasks. 
 Preliminary results have revealed points of confusion, hesitation, as well
  as errors in the programming process. It has also highlighted screens, bu
 ttons, or alerts that are frequently misread and overlooked. Last, it has 
 led to the identification of “cognitive load bottlenecks” in certain pumps
  where users must search excessively for information.\n\nTrack: Digital He
 alth, Hospital Environments, Patient Safety Research and Initiatives, Medi
 cal and Drug Delivery Devices, Simulation and Education\n\n
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